Atopic Dermatitis (AD), commonly known as Eczema, is a chronic, non-contagious inflammatory skin condition characterized by intensely itchy, dry, and red rashes. It is primarily caused by a combination of genetic factors and a defective skin barrier which allows moisture to escape and irritants/allergens to penetrate, leading to an overactive immune response.
While there is no cure, a personalized management plan by a dermatologist is essential to control flare-ups, ease symptoms, and restore the skin barrier
Intense Itchiness (Pruritus), dry/cracked skin, rash on swollen areas, and sometimes oozing or crusting. Chronic scratching can lead to thickened, leathery skin (lichenification).
Irritants (harsh soaps, detergents, fragrances, wool fabric), Allergens (dust mites, pet dander, pollen), Environmental factors (heat, sweat, cold, dry air), and Stress.
In adults, common areas include the folds of the elbows and knees, neck, hands, and face. In infants, it often starts on the cheeks and scalp.
Emollients (Moisturizers) are the cornerstone of treatment. Ointments and thick creams (fragrance-free) are applied frequently, especially after bathing, to seal in moisture and repair the barrier.
Corticosteroid Creams (prescription strength) and Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs). These medications quickly reduce the inflammation and itching associated with a flare-up.
Controlled exposure to specialized UV light (Narrowband UVB) in a clinic setting.
For severe, widespread, or uncontrolled AD, Biologics (like Dupilumab) or JAK Inhibitors (taken orally) may be prescribed to target the underlying inflammation in the immune system.
Wet Wraps (to increase medication absorption and hydration) and sometimes Dilute Bleach Baths (to decrease bacteria on the skin and reduce infection risk).